https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50840 Wed 28 Feb 2024 16:33:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53632 Wed 28 Feb 2024 16:01:50 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53765 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:59:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52464 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:57:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34553 82.5%, fractions of hypopnoeas > 58.3%). Anatomical compromise was stratified according to the photographic face width measurement. Results: A total of 348 subjects (163 Caucasians and 185 Chinese) were analysed. There was a significantly lower proportion of Chinese patients with moderate-severe OSA (AHI ⁥⁥≥ ⁥⁥⁥⁥15) who had a low ArTH (28.4% vs 48.8%, P = 0.004). This difference remained significant among those with severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) (2.6% vs 17.1%, P = 0.02). The proportion of moderate-severe OSA Caucasians with a low ArTH was significantly less in those with severe anatomical compromise (36.6% vs 61.0%, P = 0.03), whereas there was no difference in Chinese patients (25.5% vs 31.5%, P = 0.49). Conclusion: Compared to Caucasians with severe OSA, a low respiratory ArTh appears to be a less common pathophysiological mechanism in Chinese patients. Caucasians with less severe anatomical compromise exhibit evidence of a lower ArTh, an association which is absent in Chinese patients. Our data suggest that OSA mechanisms may vary across racial groups.]]> Wed 24 Nov 2021 15:53:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48068 Wed 22 Feb 2023 16:37:56 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41167 Wed 21 Jun 2023 15:55:59 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21992 Bacillus species were identified compared with healthy controls. PCR analyses revealed increased rates of detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria with Haemophilus influenzae detection associated with higher sputum levels of NE and IL-1β, while Streptococcus pneumoniae was more common in male ex-smokers with emphysema and a deficit in diffusion capacity. Conclusion: Non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria were altered in the sputum of patients with COPD. These observations highlight the potential to identify treatment and management strategies that both target specific bacterial pathogens and restore the microbial balance, which may lead to reductions in inflammation and subsequent improvements in lung health.]]> Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:31:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47156 Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes from the United States NASEM was accepted as reflective of evidence to mid-2017. A search for papers subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted in August 2018. A small number of robust and important papers published until March 2019 were also identified and included. Groups identified studies that extended, modified or contradicted the NASEM report. A total of 3793 papers were identified and reviewed, with summaries and draft position statements developed and presented to TSANZ membership in April 2019. After feedback from members and external reviewers, a collection of position statements was finalized in December 2019. EC have adverse lung effects and harmful effects of long-term use are unknown. EC are unsuitable consumer products for recreational use, part-substitution for smoking or long-term exclusive use by former smokers. Smokers who require support to quit smoking should be directed towards approved medication in conjunction with behavioural support as having the strongest evidence for efficacy and safety. No specific EC product can be recommended as effective and safe for smoking cessation. Smoking cessation claims in relation to EC should be assessed by established regulators.]]> Wed 14 Dec 2022 15:34:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50107 Wed 12 Jul 2023 13:43:56 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25338 s = 0.398, P = 0.015) and (r_s = 0.455, P = 0.005) respectively), with 1.7% greater absolute weight loss at week 10 corresponding to each one unit reduction in the asthma-related quality of life score at baseline. Furthermore, a lower baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity correlated with greater weight loss (r_s = 0.398, P = 0.015). Male sex was associated with a 3.6 kg greater weight loss (P = 0.087). Reducing emotional eating during the programme was associated with greater weight loss in women (r_s = 0.576, P = 0.010). Conclusions This study demonstrates that individuals with more severe asthma at baseline are more successful in achieving weight loss, which could be a consequence of greater motivation and could be used as a motivational tool within the clinical setting. Gender tailoring of weight loss programmes may be useful to enhance weight loss success. Future studies are urgently needed to establish predictors of long-term weight loss maintenance in those with asthma. See Editorial, page 179 This study is the first to demonstrate that more severe asthma at baseline, male sex, and improvements in eating behaviours during weight loss are associated with greater weight loss success in overweight and obese adults with asthma. Our findings may inform the development of asthma-specific weight management guidelines.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:17:48 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:14143 Wed 11 Apr 2018 09:25:13 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34558 Wed 10 Nov 2021 15:14:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34714 Wed 10 Nov 2021 15:05:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29974 2) COPD patients received a 12 week weight reduction programme involving meal replacements, dietary counselling by a dietitian and resistance exercise training prescribed and supervised by a physiotherapist. Patients were reviewed face to face by the dietitian and physiotherapist every 2 weeks for counselling. Results: Twenty-eight participants completed the intervention. Mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 36.3 kg/m2 (4.6) at baseline and reduced by 2.4 kg/m2 ((1.1) P < 0.0001) after the intervention. Importantly, skeletal muscle mass was maintained. Clinical outcomes improved with weight loss including exercise capacity, health status, dyspnea, strength and functional outcomes. There was also a significant reduction in the body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exercise score (BODE). Systemic inflammation measured by C-reactive protein however did not change. Conclusion: In obese COPD patients, dietary energy restriction coupled with resistance exercise training results in clinically significant improvements in body mass index, exercise tolerance and health status, whilst preserving skeletal muscle mass. This novel study provides a framework for development of guidelines for the management of obese COPD patients and in guiding future research.]]> Wed 09 Mar 2022 15:59:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24433 Wed 09 Feb 2022 15:59:14 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54624 Wed 06 Mar 2024 10:53:15 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54623 Wed 06 Mar 2024 10:51:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34064 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:06:34 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34462 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:04:55 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44917 P <0.001). In conclusion, the consumption of fast foods, particularly hamburgers, correlates to asthma in a dose-response pattern, which needs to be further validated in longitudinal and interventional studies.]]> Tue 25 Oct 2022 09:17:17 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24139 Tue 20 Aug 2024 09:26:27 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41920 0.7. Despite defined cut-off values, no jurisdiction prescribes a reference equation for use; multiple equations exist. We hypothesized that access to subsidized treatment varies depending on the chosen equation. The %FVC and %TLco from different commonly used reference equations across general respiratory patients, and IPF-specific patients, were compared. Methods: FVC and TLco measurements from a large general respiratory laboratory and the Australian Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry (AIPFR) database were analysed using multiple equations. Differences between %FVC and %TLco for each equation were calculated, with particular interest in classification of patients (%) at the threshold for subsidized treatment. Results: A total of 20 378 general respiratory database results were analysed. The %FVC ≥ 50% increased from 86% with the Roca equation to 96% with Quanjer (European Coal and Steal Community, ECSC) and %TLco≥30% increased from 91% with Paoletti to 98% with Thompson. However, overall increase in eligibility for subsidized treatment was modest, varying from 48.2% to 49.2%. A total of 545 AIPFR database results were analysed. The %FVC ≥ 50% increased from 73% with Roca to 94% with Quanjer (ECSC) and %TLco≥30% increased from 87% with Paoletti to 96% with Miller. Overall eligibility for subsidized treatment in the AIPFR group varied from 73.6% to 82.8% between surveyed interstitial lung disease (ILD) centres based entirely on the equation used. Conclusion: Substantial variability exists between reference equations, impacting access to subsidized treatment. Treating clinicians should be aware of this when assessing patients around public funding thresholds.]]> Tue 16 Aug 2022 11:07:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46351 n = 115) and Perth (n = 30), Australia. The Newcastle cohort was enriched with people with asthma (n = 37) and COPD (n = 38). Gene expression for ACE2 and other genes potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 cell entry was assessed by qPCR, and protein expression was confirmed with immunohistochemistry on endobronchial biopsies and cultured AEC. Results: Increased gene expression of ACE2 was associated with older age (P = 0.03) and male sex (P = 0.03), but not with pack-years smoked. When we compared gene expression between adults with asthma, COPD and healthy controls, mean ACE2 expression was lower in asthma patients (P = 0.01). Gene expression of furin, a protease that facilitates viral endocytosis, was also lower in patients with asthma (P = 0.02), while ADAM-17, a disintegrin that cleaves ACE2 from the surface, was increased (P = 0.02). ACE2 protein expression was also reduced in endobronchial biopsies from asthma patients. Conclusion: Increased ACE2 expression occurs in older people and males. Asthma patients have reduced expression. Altered ACE2 expression in the lower airway may be an important factor in virus tropism and may in part explain susceptibility factors and why asthma patients are not over-represented in those with COVID-19 complications.]]> Tue 15 Nov 2022 15:15:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33751 Tue 08 Jan 2019 15:37:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46906 Tue 06 Dec 2022 16:07:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43823 Tue 04 Oct 2022 11:04:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55863 Tue 02 Jul 2024 16:13:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53499 Thu 30 Nov 2023 15:57:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26123 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:04:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23653 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:04:17 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41166 Thu 28 Jul 2022 09:55:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41149 Thu 28 Jul 2022 09:13:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25872 in vitro. The significantly lower levels seen in asthmatic pAEC subsequently contributes to the dysregulated repair observed in these cells.]]> Thu 20 Aug 2020 08:48:26 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48885 10 years: 65% vs. 33%, p < 0.002). QoL was impaired in both groups, but there were no significant differences between severe asthma and COPD carers in either of the SF-12 component scores. The HADS scores revealed no difference between groups. Compared to severe asthma carers, COPD carers had significantly greater needs for: ‘having time for self’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘equipment to help care for relative’ (33% vs. 13%, p = 0.006), ‘practical help in the home’ (35% vs. 18%, p = 0.006) and ‘getting a break from caring overnight’ (21% vs. 6%, p = 0.023). Conclusion: QoL is impaired in carers of people with severe asthma to a similar degree of COPD carers and other debilitating diseases like cancer. These novel data highlight the support needs of severe asthma carers and identifies areas where tailored support is needed to reduce their substantial carer burden.]]> Thu 20 Apr 2023 09:27:47 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49460 1000 mg prednisolone-equivalent cumulatively are likely to have serious side effects and adverse outcomes. Patient perspectives emphasize the detrimental impacts of OCS-related side effects such as weight gain, insomnia, mood disturbances and skin changes. Improvements in asthma control and prevention of exacerbations can be achieved by improved inhaler technique, adherence to therapy, asthma education, smoking cessation, multidisciplinary review, optimized medications and other strategies. Recently, add-on therapies including novel biological agents and macrolide antibiotics have demonstrated reductions in OCS requirements. Harm reduction may also be achieved through identification and mitigation of predictable adverse effects. OCS stewardship should entail greater awareness of appropriate indications for OCS prescription, risk–benefits of OCS medications, side effects, effective add-on therapies and multidisciplinary review. If implemented, OCS stewardship can ensure that clinicians and patients with asthma are aware that OCS should not be used lightly, while providing reassurance that asthma can be controlled in most people without frequent use of OCS.]]> Thu 18 May 2023 12:40:23 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46113 n = 12, defined as per GINA criteria), non-severe uncontrolled (n = 21) and controlled asthma (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 15). Sputum RNA was extracted and transcriptomic profiles were generated (Illumina HumanRef-8 V2) and analysed (GeneSpring). Sputum protein lysates were analysed for p38 activation in a validation study (n = 24 asthma, n = 8 healthy) by western blotting. Results: There were 2166 genes differentially expressed between the four groups. In severe asthma, the expression of 1875, 1308 and 563 genes was altered compared to healthy controls, controlled and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Of the 1875 genes significantly different to healthy controls, 123 were >2-fold change from which four networks were identified. Thirty genes (>2-fold change) were significantly different in severe asthma compared to both controlled asthma and healthy controls. There was enrichment of genes in the p38 signalling pathway that were associated with severe asthma. Phosphorylation of p38 was increased in a subset of severe asthma samples, correlating with neutrophilic airway inflammation. Conclusion: Severe asthma is associated with substantial differences in sputum gene expression that underlie unique cellular mechanisms. The p38 signalling pathway may be important in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, and future investigations into p38 inhibition are warranted as a ‘non-Th2’ therapeutic option.]]> Thu 18 Apr 2024 11:56:00 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36371 Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:31:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40361 Thu 14 Jul 2022 08:03:43 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48870 Thu 13 Apr 2023 12:48:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47317 Thu 06 Jul 2023 13:59:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33298 Thu 04 Oct 2018 09:48:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31327 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:22:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24599 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:22:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32622 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:18:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33752 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:18:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7725 Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:48:14 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31553 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15289 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:21:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10921 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:10:56 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18993 95th percentile of non-asthmatic counts for any given age group) were significantly more likely to be asthmatic (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.0), with the greatest effect observed in the older age group. Other factors that independently associated with increased sputum neutrophil levels included atopy in non-asthmatic adults, male gender and current use of ICS in asthmatic adults. Age-specific reference values for neutrophil percentage were under 20 years-76%, 20–40 years-62%, 40–60 years-63% and over 60 years-67%. Conclusions: Airway neutrophilia is related to age in adults, with a neutrophilic asthma phenotype present in older adults. The use of appropriate age-specific reference values is recommended for future studies aimed at elucidating the role of neutrophils in asthma.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20279 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19955 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19607 n = 33) from various professional backgrounds who attended the BEWE training workshop were eligible to participate. Breathe Easy Walk Easy, an interactive educational programme, consisted of a training workshop, access to online resources, provision of community awareness-raising materials and ongoing telephone/email support. Participant confidence, knowledge and attitudes were assessed via anonymous questionnaire before, immediately after and at 3 and 12 months following the BEWE workshop. At 12 months, local provision of pulmonary rehabilitation services and patient outcome data (6-min walk test results before and after pulmonary rehabilitation) were also recorded. Results: Measured knowledge (score out of 19) improved significantly after the workshop (mean difference 7.6 correct answers, 95% confidence interval: 5.8–9.3). Participants' self-rated confidence and knowledge also increased. At 12-month follow up, three locally run pulmonary rehabilitation programmes had been established. For completing patients, there was a significant increase in 6-min walk distance following rehabilitation of 48 m (95% confidence interval: 18–70 m). Conclusions: The BEWE programme increased rural and remote health-care practitioner knowledge and confidence in delivering management for people living with chronic lung disease and facilitated the establishment of effective pulmonary rehabilitation programmes in regional and remote Australian settings where access to such programmes is limited.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19878 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17943 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17923 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19679 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:53:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18365 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21345 n = 10), and patients with NEA (n = 22) or eosinophilic asthma (EA) (n = 15) using flow cytometry. Results: Granzyme B expression and the ratio of granzyme B to PI-9 positive cells were highest in those with NEA for both CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. The expression of granzyme B was not statistically different between patients with NEA and EA; however, the ratio of granzyme B to PI-9 positive cells for CD3+ T cells was significantly higher in those with NEA compared with EA. Conclusions: Induced sputum provides a non-invasive tool for investigating T cell cytotoxic mediators in the various asthma subtypes. Granzyme B expression is increased in NEA and the contribution of granzyme B to chronic inflammation requires further study.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19996 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:50:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20658 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:49:55 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27228 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29611 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22161 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:59 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22113 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22677 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38984 9/L and FENO ≤29 ppb. Exacerbations requiring medical intervention were recorded. Results: Among 220 non-smokers (n = 109 control, n = 111 FENO), 1006 treatment decisions were made, with significant group differences after the first and second algorithm applications. 53% of women had NEA. Treatment was better targeted to phenotype in the FENO group: ICS use increased in eosinophilic asthma (EA, 48–86%), while ICS/LABA increased in NEA (11–30%). Fewer women in the FENO group had exacerbations during pregnancy in NEA only (18.9% FENO vs 44% control, P = 0.006). Conclusion: The FENO algorithm was more effective in treating NEA, resulting in reduced exacerbations, compared to a symptom control algorithm. This was not the result of ICS overtreatment, since the benefits occurred at a lower median daily ICS dose. Two applications of the FENO-guided algorithm, one month apart, were sufficient to achieve beneficial effects in terms of asthma exacerbations, among pregnant women with asthma.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:52:03 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47496 Mon 23 Jan 2023 11:54:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53946 Mon 22 Jan 2024 16:57:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46104 adj = 9.6, 95% CI: 1.8–50.1) and the presence of Haemophilus influenzae in the BAL (OR_adj = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.4–19.1). Clinician-diagnosed asthma at final follow-up was present in 27.1% of children with PBB. A significant BDR (FEV₁ improvement >12%) was obtained in 63.5% of the children who underwent reversibility testing. Positive allergen-specific IgE (OR_adj = 14.8, 95% CI: 2.2–100.8) at baseline and bronchomalacia (OR_adj = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.2–29.7) were significant predictors of asthma diagnosis. Spirometry parameters were in the normal range. Conclusion: As a significant proportion of children with PBB have ongoing symptoms at 5 years, and outcomes include bronchiectasis and asthma, they should be carefully followed up clinically. Defining biomarkers, endotypes and mechanistic studies elucidating the different outcomes are now required.]]> Mon 21 Nov 2022 09:17:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55319 Mon 19 Aug 2024 18:47:24 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55339 Mon 19 Aug 2024 18:43:01 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47390 Mon 16 Jan 2023 15:52:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51908 50%. Computed tomography of the larynx is a new technology with potential for swift diagnosis that requires validation in clinical pathways. Disease pathogenesis and multimorbidity interactions are complex reflecting a multi-factorial, complex condition, with no single overarching disease mechanism. Currently there is no evidence-based standard of care since randomized trials for treatment are non-existent. Recent multidisciplinary models of care need to be clearly articulated and prospectively investigated. Patient impact and healthcare utilization can be formidable but have largely escaped inquiry and patient perspectives have not been explored. Roundtable participants expressed optimism as collective understanding of this complex condition evolves. The Melbourne VCD/ILO Roundtable 2022 identified clear priorities and future directions for this impactful condition.]]> Fri 22 Sep 2023 10:25:13 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40012 Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)to induce infection in both the respiratory and gastroin-testinal (GI) tracts. However, the importance and mechanism of HIF-1αin augmenting PAFR-dependent bacterial infections in COPD are poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence for the roles of local tissue hypoxia-induced inflammation, HIF-1α and PAFR in facilitating bacterial infections in COPD. Blocking PAFR may provide a novel antimicrobial approach to manage bacterial infections in COPD.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 13:06:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42297 Fri 19 Aug 2022 15:05:39 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55340 Fri 17 May 2024 10:21:31 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43389 15 years at three hospitals: Alice Springs Hospital and Monash Medical Centre in Australia, and Middlemore Hospital in New Zealand. Data included demographics, ethnicity, sputum microbiology, radiology, spirometry, hospitalization and survival over 5 years of follow-up. Results: Aboriginal Australians were significantly younger and died at a significantly younger age than other groups. Age- and sex-adjusted all-cause mortality was higher for Aboriginal Australians (hazard ratio (HR): 3.9), and respiratory-related mortality was higher for both Aboriginal Australians (HR: 4.3) and Māori and Pacific Islander people (HR: 1.7). Hospitalization was common: Aboriginal Australians had 2.9 admissions/person-year and 16.9 days in hospital/person-year. Despite Aboriginal Australians having poorer prognosis, calculation of the FACED score suggested milder disease in this group. Sputum microbiology varied with Aspergillus fumigatus more often isolated from non-indigenous patients. Airflow obstruction was common (66.9%) but not invariable. Conclusions: Bronchiectasis is not one disease. It has a significant impact on healthcare utilization and survival. Differences between populations are likely to relate to differing aetiologies and understanding the drivers of bronchiectasis in disadvantaged populations will be key.]]> Fri 16 Sep 2022 09:37:47 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49776 Fri 02 Jun 2023 17:29:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37892 Fri 01 Apr 2022 09:25:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31379 Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are strongly associated with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), the clinical relevance of these pathogens in stable COPD patients remains unclear. Immune responses in stable and colonized COPD patients are comparable to those detected in AECOPD, supporting a role for chronic colonization in COPD pathogenesis through perpetuation of deleterious immune responses. Advances in molecular diagnostics and metagenomics now allow the assessment of microbe-COPD interactions with unprecedented personalization and precision, revealing changes in microbiota associated with the COPD disease state. As microbial changes associated with AECOPD, disease severity and therapeutic intervention become apparent, a renewed focus has been placed on the microbiology of COPD and the characterization of the lung microbiome in both its acute and chronic states. Characterization of bacterial, viral and fungal microbiota as part of the lung microbiome has the potential to reveal previously unrecognized prognostic markers of COPD that predict disease outcome or infection susceptibility. Addressing such knowledge gaps will ultimately lead to a more complete understanding of the microbe-host interplay in COPD. This will permit clearer distinctions between acute and chronic infections and more granular patient stratification that will enable better management of these features and of COPD.]]> Fri 01 Apr 2022 09:22:01 AEDT ]]>